The city of Fez (Fes) was founded by Idris II, the son of Idris I and the second ruler of the Idrisid Dynasty. The foundation of Fez is traditionally dated to around 789 CE, during Idris II’s reign, although the city developed in stages:
1. Initial Foundation by Idris I:
- Al-‘Aliya: The initial foundation of Fez is attributed to Idris I, who established a settlement called Al-‘Aliya on the eastern bank of the Fez River (Oued Fes) around 789 CE. This area later became part of what is now known as the Old City (Fes el-Bali).
2. Development by Idris II:
- Expansion and Consolidation: Idris II, who succeeded his father at a young age, is credited with expanding and consolidating the city of Fez. Around 809 CE, he established a new settlement on the western bank of the river, known as Al-‘Aliya. This expansion significantly increased the city’s size and importance.
- Cultural and Religious Center: Under Idris II, Fez became a major center of culture, learning, and religion. The city attracted Arab immigrants from Andalusia (Muslim Spain) and Kairouan (in modern-day Tunisia), who contributed to its development as an important Islamic city.
3. Legacy:
- Fez as a Capital: Fez served as the capital of the Idrisid state and later became one of the most important cities in Morocco. It remained a key political, cultural, and religious center for centuries.
- The Qarawiyyin University: One of the most significant developments in Fez was the establishment of the Qarawiyyin Mosque and University in 859 CE, which became a major center of Islamic learning.
Summary:
Idris II is recognized as the true founder of Fez, building upon the initial settlement established by his father, Idris I. He expanded the city and developed it into a significant cultural and religious center, laying the foundations for Fez to become one of the most important cities in Moroccan history.
Was this helpful?
0 / 0
